Understanding Periodontal Disease in Pets
Understanding Periodontal Disease in Pets: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a common dental condition that can affect your pet’s overall health. Just like in humans, pets can suffer from plaque and tartar buildup, leading to inflammation and infection in their mouths. Periodontal disease in dogs and cats not only causes discomfort but can also have broader implications for their overall well-being. Understanding the signs and causes of periodontal disease can help you prevent it before it becomes a bigger issue for your four-legged family member.
What is Periodontal Disease?
Periodontal disease is a progressive dental condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. It begins with the formation of plaque, which eventually hardens into tartar. Over time, tartar buildup leads to inflammation, gum recession, tooth decay, and potentially tooth loss.
There are four stages of periodontal disease in pets:
Stage 1: Gingivitis
The first stage of periodontal disease in cats or dogs is gingivitis, a bacteria that irritates the gums. Symptoms of stage 1 periodontal disease include bad breath, swollen gums, and some bleeding when you brush their teeth or when they eat.
Stage 2: Early Periodontitis
If the gingivitis is left untreated it can progress to early periodontitis. At this stage, the inflammation moves beneath the gum line and forms periodontal pockets where food debris and bacteria get trapped. This can loosen the bone and tissue that hold the teeth in place. During the second stage of periodontal disease in pets you may notice their gums have increased redness and swelling. Your pet may also show signs of mouth sensitivity and pain while eating.
Stage 3: Moderate Periodontitis
During this stage of cat and dog gum disease, the infection has spread to the roots of the teeth and surrounding bone. This can lead to loose teeth and abscesses may begin to form in your pet’s mouth. Symptoms of stage three periodontal disease include extremely bad breath, loose teeth that can fall out, and bleeding gums. Your dog or cat may also refuse to eat because of the discomfort they feel.
Stage 4: Advanced Periodontitis
Stage four periodontal disease is the most advanced stage your pet can experience. In stage four periodontal disease, there is severe destruction of the tissues, ligaments, and bone supporting the teeth. As a result, the teeth are loose and may fall out, leaving painful ulcers and infections in the oral cavity. Your pet may experience constant pain, difficult eating and weight loss. In extreme cases, the disease may move into their bloodstream, which can affect their organs.
Regardless of the stage, it’s important to note that many dogs won’t exhibit any signs of pain related to gum disease. Even with stage four periodontal disease, dogs may continue eating and show no signs of pain. That’s why it’s important to brush your dog’s teeth regularly and book annual dental cleanings with a veterinarian to help prevent oral health issues, such as advanced periodontal disease.
Causes of Periodontal Disease in Pets
Several factors contribute to the development of periodontal disease in pets, including:
Poor dental hygiene, which allows plaque and tartar to accumulate on the teeth.
Genetics
Diet (especially soft or sticky food)
Old age
Recognizing the Symptoms of Periodontal Disease in Cats and Dogs
Detecting gum disease in cats and dogs can be challenging since they can't express their discomfort verbally. However, there are common signs to watch out for:
Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
Excessive drooling
Difficulty eating or loss of appetite
Tooth discoloration or loose teeth
Pawing at the mouth or face
Changes in behavior or irritability
If you notice any of these symptoms, it's important to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment Options
Fortunately, periodontal disease in pets is treatable, especially if caught early. Here are some common cat and dog gum disease treatment options:
Professional Dental Cleaning
A thorough dental cleaning performed by a veterinarian is the first step in treating periodontal disease. Professional dental cleanings help remove tartar and plaque, followed by polishing to smooth the tooth surfaces.
Extractions
In cases of severe periodontal disease, tooth extractions may be necessary to eliminate pain and prevent further infection.
Antibiotics and Medications
In more advanced stages, your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics or other medications to combat infection and promote healing.
Preventive Measures
Prevention is always better than cure. To help prevent periodontal disease in your pet, consider the following measures:
Regular Brushing
Brush your pet's teeth using a pet-specific toothbrush and toothpaste. Aim for daily brushing or at least several times a week.
Dental Diets and Treats
Feed your pet a balanced diet and consider dental-specific food or treats designed to promote oral health.
Routine Dental Check-ups:
Schedule regular dental check-ups with the veterinarian to monitor your pet's oral health and address any concerns promptly.
Periodontal disease is a common yet preventable condition that affects our furry companions. While dental care in the United States can be quite costly, you can find affordable options across the border in Tijuana, Mexico. MexiVet Express works with some of the best vets in Tijuana. We can help connect you with quality vet care, save you money on your bill and drive your pet to their appointment. Contact us today to get a personalized quote and book a ride for your pet.
